Breast Cancer
Breast Cancer - Overview
Breast cancer is a malignant tumour which occurs when breast cells become abnormal and divide without control or order.
The majority of breast cancers start in the milk ducts. A small number start in the milk sacs or lobules. Within these two groups, some grow very slowly while others develop more rapidly.
Breast cancer can spread to the lymph nodes and to other parts of the body such as the bones, liver, lung and sometimes to the brain.
Breast Cancer - Symptoms
Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) generally does not cause symptoms, and is most commonly discovered in screening mammograms. Occasionally, women with DCIS may present with a breast lump or bloody nipple discharge. Breast cancer is otherwise usually painless and there may be no symptoms in the early phase when breast cancer first develops.
When the cancer grows, signs and symptoms may develop and they can include:
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A persistent lump or thickening in the breast or in the axilla
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A change in the size or shape of the breast
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A change in the colour or appearance of the skin of the breast such as redness, puckering or dimpling
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Bloody discharge from the nipple
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A change in the nipple or areola, such as a persistent rash or nipple retraction (nipple pulled into the breast)
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Prevention and Early Detection of Breast Cancer
The best strategy to safeguard against breast cancer is to undergo routine mammography in addition to the monthly breast self-examinations that are advised. Small lumps that cannot be felt by the hand can be found on a mammogram. Early discovery, treatment, and effective disease management can increase a patient's chance of surviving this cancer and reduce the likelihood of life-threatening complications.
One mammogram every two years is advised for women 50 years of age and older.